All sixteen types

collective · centralized · internationalist · rupture

A revolution confined to one country is a holding action that will be strangled or will rot. The break has to spread, and the coordinating centre has to be international from the start.

Trotsky, the Fourth International, the early Comintern.

collective · centralized · national · rupture

A disciplined party takes the centre, then rebuilds ownership from the top down. The nation is the unit of construction and the break is deliberate — the old institutions are not to be inherited but replaced.

Bolshevism after 1924, Marxism-Leninism, “socialism in one country”, most twentieth-century party-states.

collective · centralized · internationalist · gradual

Collective ownership arrives through treaty, institution and plan, negotiated across borders and measured in decades. Patient, technical, and comfortable with a centre — provided the centre is international.

The Second International, the UN-development left, global Green New Deal and climate-finance proposals.

collective · centralized · national · gradual

Build the commonwealth through the state you already have, one bill at a time, inside one country. Ownership shifts by nationalisation and budget, not by rupture — and the machinery of the centre is a tool, not a target.

Fabian Society, Attlee’s 1945 government, Nordic social democracy at its most statist, Mitterrand in 1981.

private · centralized · internationalist · rupture

Use the crisis. A market order can be imposed faster than it can be argued for, and the window in which resistance is disorganised is the window in which to move.

The Chicago Boys in Chile, Russia 1992, post-disaster reconstruction economics.

private · centralized · national · rupture

Ownership stays private, all power moves to the centre, the nation is redefined by who is excluded from it, and the change comes fast. This is the fascist corner of the map. The site names it rather than finding a softer word.

Interwar fascism, the twentieth-century military coup, contemporary authoritarian nationalism.

private · centralized · internationalist · gradual

Markets, managed by expert international institutions, adjusted by rulebook and treaty. Not a defence of any nation and not a revolution — an administration, run by people who believe the arguing is mostly over.

The WTO–IMF consensus, Davos, EU single-market governance, central-bank independence.

private · centralized · national · gradual

Private property, a strong state to defend it, the nation as the frame, and change by increment. Order is the precondition for everything else, and the existing institutions are worth conserving precisely because they work.

One-nation Toryism, Bismarck, Gaullism, the East Asian developmental states.

collective · decentralized · internationalist · rupture

Collective ownership, no central authority, no borders, and no waiting. This is the corner the 1891 window held comfortably and the 2026 window does not contain at all — the erased quadrant, in full.

Kropotkin, Makhno’s Ukraine, revolutionary Catalonia 1936, Rojava.

collective · decentralized · national · rupture

The union, not the party, is the unit — and the workplace is taken directly rather than legislated into public hands. The state is not the prize. It is the obstacle.

The IWW, the CNT before 1936, anarcho-syndicalism, the general-strike tradition.

collective · decentralized · internationalist · gradual

Shared resources and federated co-operatives, grown rather than declared, and indifferent to which flag they are grown under. The commons is an institution to be built and defended, not a phase to be passed through.

Mutualism after Proudhon, the commons movement, Ostrom’s governed commons, platform co-ops.

collective · decentralized · national · gradual

Build it from the town up. Co-ops, community land trusts, public banks, participatory budgets — no seizure of the centre, because the centre is not where the commonwealth gets made.

Guild socialism, Mondragón, Porto Alegre, the Preston model, libertarian municipalism.

private · decentralized · internationalist · rupture

Private property, no state at all, no borders — and no intention of reforming anything. Build the replacement, make the old jurisdiction irrelevant, and walk out of it.

Anarcho-capitalism, Rothbard, seasteading, crypto-exit and network-state projects.

private · decentralized · national · rupture

Get out from under the state entirely — on this ground, with these neighbours, and by force if the state comes to collect. Property is defended locally because no distant authority is legitimate enough to do it.

Militia libertarianism, sovereign-citizen currents, hard secession movements.

private · decentralized · internationalist · gradual

Open the borders to goods, capital and people, keep the state minimal, and let the argument be won by commerce and persuasion rather than by rupture. The nation is a jurisdiction, not a moral unit.

Cobden and Bright, Bastiat, contemporary open-borders libertarianism.

private · decentralized · national · gradual

A small state, secure private property, the nation as the working frame, and change that comes slowly and through law. Suspicious of concentrated power without being in a hurry to dismantle anything.

Gladstonian liberalism, Hayek’s political writing, mainstream small-government conservatism.